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Nose Nasal Sinuses and Face Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Built from Behrbohm — Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases with Head and Neck Surgery

What’s inside

3 sections · 70 slides

  1. 01

    Overview

    • What this deck will teach you

    1 slide

  2. 02

    Anatomy of the Nose and Sinuses

    From the external framework to the paranasal sinuses

    • The external nose: a framework of bone and cartilage
    • Framework of the external nose
    • Blood vessels of the external nose
    • Venous route to the cavernous sinus
    • Inside the nose: septum, vestibule, and cavity proper
    • The nasal vestibule and the limen nasi
    • The nasal vestibule and alar cartilage
    • The internal nasal valve: the narrowest point
    • The lateral wall: turbinates and meatuses
    • Lateral wall: turbinates and drainage
    • What drains where: reading the three meatuses
    • Two linings: respiratory vs olfactory
    • Nasal mucosa and the olfactory region
    • The paranasal sinuses: air pockets around the nose
    • The four paranasal sinuses in the facial skeleton
    • How the sinuses grow: a timeline of development
    • Sinus development from birth to adolescence
    • The ostiomeatal complex: the shared drainage crossroads
    • The ostiomeatal unit: the shared drainage channel
    • The ethmoid labyrinth: the hub of sinus disease
    • Anatomy of the ethmoid bone
    • Ethmoid relations: thin walls, dangerous neighbours
    • The maxillary sinus: largest, low floor
    • The frontal sinus: variable, next to the brain
    • The sphenoid sinus: deepest and most perilous
    • The four sinuses at a glance
    • The sinus mucosa and the ostiomeatal unit
    • Blood supply of the nose: two carotid systems meet
    • Arterial supply and Kiesselbach plexus
    • Cavernous spaces: the nose's built-in throttle
    • Lymphatic drainage: an anterior and a posterior route
    • Nerve supply: sensation, autonomic control, and smell
    • Autonomic and sensory nerve supply of the nasal mucosa
    • Two opposing autonomic drives
    • The pterygopalatine ganglion: the nose's control hub

    35 slides

  3. 03

    Physiology and Pathophysiology

    How the nose smells, breathes, defends, and drains

    • One organ, many jobs
    • The nose as an organ of smell
    • The smell pathway: from a tiny patch to the cortex
    • How a smell becomes a signal
    • Odour molecules binding specific receptors
    • Axel and Buck: the molecular logic of smell
    • Smell by the numbers
    • Properties and limits of the sense of smell
    • When smell goes wrong: the dysosmias
    • Classifying the dysosmias
    • Causes of olfactory loss: sinonasal and beyond
    • Smell as an early warning of systemic disease
    • Pheromones and the vomeronasal organ
    • The nose as a respiratory organ: shaping the airstream
    • Airflow patterns through the nose
    • Inspiration vs expiration, and nasal resistance
    • Computational fluid dynamics: simulating nasal airflow
    • Air-conditioning the air: warming and humidifying
    • Cleaning the air: the nose as a filter
    • The nasal mucosa as a protective organ
    • The mucociliary apparatus: the nose's conveyor belt
    • Immune defence: humoral and cellular
    • The nose as a reflex organ: the nasal cycle
    • The nose and speech
    • What are the paranasal sinuses actually for?
    • The vicious circle of ostial obstruction
    • Pathophysiology of the blocked sinus ostium
    • The vicious circle of ostial occlusion
    • Three ideas to carry away
    • Key takeaways
    • Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases: With Head and Neck Surgery

    31 slides