← All decks
Dermatology
Other Topical Medications
Built from Dermatology, 5th Edition
What’s inside
11 sections · 141 slides
Overview
- What this chapter covers
- Topical drug classes in this chapter
General Principles of Topical Therapy
Vehicles, absorption, dosing, and safety in special populations
- What topical medications are
- Percutaneous absorption
- How a topical drug reaches its target
- Factors that affect percutaneous absorption
- Patient and skin factors that raise absorption
- Drug and vehicle factors that raise absorption
- How much medicine to apply
- The fingertip unit (FTU)
- Ointment quantities for adults by body area
- Ointment quantities for children by age
- An adult fingertip unit shown on skin
- What a vehicle does
- Vehicle types: ointments, creams, and pastes
- Vehicle types: liquids, gels, and powders
- Classification of topical vehicles
- Topical drug classes covered elsewhere in the book
- Topical medications covered in other chapters
- Topical medications covered in other chapters (continued)
- Topical therapy in pregnancy and lactation
- Topical medications with minimal risk in pregnancy and lactation
- Topical medications with minimal risk in pregnancy and lactation (continued)
- What "minimal risk" means here
- The old FDA pregnancy category system
- Traditional FDA pregnancy risk categories
- Why newborns absorb more drug
- Why newborn skin lets more drug through
- Factors that raise systemic toxicity risk in neonates
- Drugs that have caused toxicity in neonates
- Potential systemic side effects of topical medications
- Potential systemic side effects of topical medications (continued)
- Potential systemic side effects of topical medications (continued)
- Combining or rotating topical drugs
Antipruritic Agents
Topical drugs used to relieve itch (pruritus)
- What pruritus involves
- How topical antipruritics work
- Comparing agents used to relieve itch
- Topical agents used to relieve pruritus
- Pramoxine and menthol
- Capsaicin
- Doxepin and diphenhydramine
Keratolytics and Humectants
Agents that thin a built-up outer layer, or add moisture, to the skin
- What keratolytics do
- Topical keratolytics and humectants
- Salicylic acid
- Alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs)
- Urea and propylene glycol
Skin-Lightening Agents
- Hydroquinone: what it treats
- Hydroquinone: mechanism and side effects
- Hydroquinone: use in pregnancy
- Monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone (MBEH)
- Mequinol
Agents that Affect Hair Growth
- Unwanted hair and hair loss
- Minoxidil: indications
- Minoxidil: mechanism
- Minoxidil: side effects and pregnancy
- Bimatoprost: discovery and use
- Unilateral eyelash overgrowth from bimatoprost
- Bimatoprost: mechanism and other uses
- Bimatoprost: side effects and pregnancy
- Eflornithine
Immunomodulatory Agents
Drugs that steer the skin's immune response
- Imiquimod: what it does
- Imiquimod: off-label uses
- Imiquimod: dosing regimens
- Mechanism of action of imiquimod
- Imiquimod: side effects
- Skin reaction to imiquimod treatment of an actinic keratosis
- Inflammation from imiquimod applied to a lentigo maligna
- Exuberant inflammatory reaction to imiquimod after tazarotene pretreatment
- Atypical squamous proliferations after imiquimod
- Atypical squamous proliferations following topical imiquimod
- Imiquimod: use in pregnancy
- Topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs): indications
- Topical calcineurin inhibitors: other uses
- Mechanism of action of tacrolimus and pimecrolimus
- Topical calcineurin inhibitors: the boxed warning
- Topical calcineurin inhibitors: absorption and side effects
- Topical JAK inhibitors
- Topical JAK inhibitors: more agents and warnings
- Topical PDE-4 inhibitors
- Aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists: tapinarof
- Immunomodulator classes at a glance
Chemotherapeutic Agents
Topical drugs that kill or arrest rapidly dividing skin cells
- Topical chemotherapeutic agents
- 5-Fluorouracil: mechanism
- 5-Fluorouracil: main use
- 5-Fluorouracil: other uses and regimen
- Skin reactions during topical 5-fluorouracil treatment
- 5-Fluorouracil: side effects and pregnancy
- Severe inflammatory reaction to topical 5-fluorouracil
- Mechlorethamine: use for mycosis fungoides
- Mechlorethamine: response rates and mechanism
- Mechlorethamine: side effects and pregnancy
- Carmustine
- Carmustine: mechanism, side effects, pregnancy
Vitamin D Analogues
- Vitamin D in the skin
- Topical vitamin D agents and uses
- Topical vitamin D3 and its analogues
- Chemical structure of calcitriol
- Chemical structure of calcipotriene
- Vitamin D analogues: side effects
- Vitamin D analogues: higher risk and pregnancy
Miscellaneous Agents
- Topical sirolimus: what it treats
- Topical sirolimus: mechanism, results, pregnancy
- Diclofenac sodium
- Ingenol mebutate
- Tar: history and use
- Tar: mechanism and side effects
- Tar in pregnancy
- Anthralin: what it treats
- Sample short-contact anthralin protocol for alopecia areata
- Anthralin: mechanism and side effects
- Podophyllin and podophyllotoxin
- Podophyllin/podophyllotoxin: mechanism, side effects, pregnancy
- Cantharidin: what it is and history
- Cantharidin: application and mechanism
- Cantharidin: side effects
- Sulfur
- Azelaic acid
- Topical immunotherapy for warts (SADBE)
- Sample SADBE protocol for cutaneous warts
- Traditional topical remedies
- Traditional topical medications
- Traditional topical medications (continued)
- Newer barrier-repair moisturizers
- Prescription barrier-repair and moisturizing agents
Summary and References
- Key takeaways: general principles
- Key takeaways: major drug classes
- References
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- Dermatology, 5th Edition (2-Volume Set)