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The first 25 slides, exactly as they appear. The full deck has 100 content slides.
Dermatology
Diseases of the Eccrine and Apocrine Sweat Glands
Built from Dermatology, 5th Edition
What’s inside
11 sections · 100 slides
Overview
- What sweat glands are and why they matter
- How this topic is organised
Sweat Gland Anatomy and Physiology
How eccrine and apocrine glands are built, and how the nervous system controls them
- Eccrine sweat glands
- Nerve control of sweating
- Nerve control of sweating: key points
- Apocrine sweat glands
Hyperhidrosis
Excessive sweating - primary (idiopathic) versus secondary (due to another cause)
- What hyperhidrosis is
- Primary hyperhidrosis: key features
- Criteria for the diagnosis of primary hyperhidrosis
- Two patterns of primary hyperhidrosis
- Primary cortical hyperhidrosis of the face
- Volar hyperhidrosis of the sole
Secondary Hyperhidrosis
Excess sweating driven by an underlying disease, drug, or abnormal nerve pathway
- What secondary hyperhidrosis is
- Drugs that can stimulate eccrine sweating – direct-acting cholinomimetic agents
- Drugs that can stimulate eccrine sweating – cholinesterase inhibitors
- Drugs that can stimulate eccrine sweating – adrenomimetic agents
- Drugs that can stimulate eccrine sweating – antidiabetic (hypoglycemic) agents
- Drugs that can stimulate eccrine sweating – CNS stimulants
- Drugs that can stimulate eccrine sweating – antidepressants
- Drugs that can stimulate eccrine sweating – other drug classes (antipsychotics, antipyretics, opioids)
- Cortical (emotional) hyperhidrosis: causes
- Causes of cortical (stress/emotional) hyperhidrosis
- Hypothalamic (thermoregulatory) hyperhidrosis
- Causes of hypothalamic hyperhidrosis, by category
- Medullary (gustatory) hyperhidrosis – physiologic type
- Medullary (gustatory) hyperhidrosis – pathologic type
- Gustatory sweating in Frey syndrome
- How Frey syndrome develops
- Spinal cord sweating and autonomic dysreflexia
- Compensatory hyperhidrosis
- Compensatory hyperhidrosis: one pattern, three triggers
- Compensatory hyperhidrosis of the face
- Non-neural hyperhidrosis
- Eccrine angiomatous hamartoma
- Other causes of secondary hyperhidrosis, by category
Diagnosis and Treatment of Hyperhidrosis
Telling primary from secondary disease, then working through a stepped treatment ladder
- Diagnostic approach
- Palmar hyperhidrosis on starch-iodine testing
- Measuring sweat objectively
- Sweating pattern of axillary hyperhidrosis on starch-iodine testing
- Initial patient evaluation for secondary hyperhidrosis
- Treatment: a stepped ladder
- First-line treatment: topical agents
- Treatment of hyperhidrosis
- Treatment of hyperhidrosis (continued)
- Botulinum toxin for hyperhidrosis
- Mapping the injection area for botulinum toxin
- Surgical treatment: the last resort
Hypohidrosis and Anhidrosis
Too little sweat, or none at all - a possible medical emergency in the heat
- Why not sweating can be dangerous
- Central and neuropathic hypohidrosis
- Causes of central and neuropathic hypohidrosis and anhidrosis
- Drugs that cause hypohidrosis and anhidrosis – blockade of neurotransmission
- Drugs that cause hypohidrosis and anhidrosis – dysfunction of the eccrine gland
- Peripheral (gland-level) anhidrosis
- Peripheral causes of hypohidrosis and anhidrosis due to sweat gland abnormalities
- Acquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis
- Acquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis
- Diagnosing and treating anhidrosis
Abnormalities of Sweat Composition
When the chemistry, smell, or colour of sweat itself is abnormal
- Electrolyte changes: cystic fibrosis
- Systemic disorders that affect the levels of electrolytes in sweat
- Odor: bromhidrosis
- Types of bromhidrosis
- Colour: chromhidrosis
Microscopic Clues and Sweat's Effect on Skin Disease
What a sweat gland biopsy can reveal, and how sweat itself worsens other skin diseases
- Diagnostic microscopic changes in eccrine glands
- Lafora disease: PAS-positive granules in eccrine duct cells
- Diagnostic microscopic changes in eccrine glands
- Diagnostic microscopic changes in eccrine glands (continued)
- How sweat affects other skin diseases
Miliaria and Related Eccrine Duct Disorders
What happens when the eccrine duct itself becomes physically blocked
- Miliaria: sweat retention from a blocked duct
- Three depths of duct blockage in miliaria
- Three types of miliaria
- Miliaria crystallina
- Miliaria crystallina
- Miliaria rubra ('prickly heat')
- Miliaria rubra across different patients
- Miliaria rubra of the back
- Miliaria profunda
- Miliaria: diagnosis and treatment
- Multiple sweat gland abscesses
- Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis (NEH)
- Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis: clinical appearance
- Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis: histopathology
- NEH: clinical picture and treatment
- Idiopathic palmoplantar hidradenitis
- Idiopathic palmoplantar hidradenitis
- Granulosis rubra nasi
- Keratolysis exfoliativa
- Keratolysis exfoliativa of the palm
- Severe keratolysis exfoliativa of the plantar surface
Disorders of the Apocrine Sweat Gland
Fox–Fordyce disease - the classic condition of blocked apocrine glands
- Fox–Fordyce disease: overview
- Fox–Fordyce disease: clinical features
- Fox–Fordyce disease of the axilla
- Fox–Fordyce disease: pathology and treatment
Key Takeaways
Pulling together the eccrine and apocrine sweat gland disorders in this chapter
- Key takeaways
- References
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- Dermatology, 5th Edition (2-Volume Set)