Dermatology
Anogenital (Non-venereal) Diseases
Built from Dermatology, 5th Edition

What’s inside
14 sections · 124 slides
Anatomy and General Principles
Why the anogenital region behaves differently from the rest of the skin
- Anogenital anatomy
- Why this skin behaves differently
- How patients present
Lichen Sclerosus
A chronic scarring disease of the vulva, penis, and perianal skin
- What is lichen sclerosus
- Who gets lichen sclerosus
- What causes it in women
- What causes it in men
- Symptoms in men, women, and children
- Lichen sclerosus in women: appearance
- More clues: purpura and scarring
- Architectural change from scarring
- Lichen sclerosus in men
- Lichen sclerosus outside the genitals
- How lichen sclerosus looks under the microscope
- Telling lichen sclerosus apart from look-alikes
- Treating lichen sclerosus: general measures
- Treating lichen sclerosus: steroids first
- Management of anogenital lichen sclerosus
- Management of anogenital lichen sclerosus (continued)
- Beyond steroids: surgery and support
- Cancer risk and long-term follow-up
- Perianal lichen sclerosus
- Lichen sclerosus extending onto the penile shaft
- Perianal lichen sclerosus with erosions
Lichen Planus
An immune-mediated disease with four distinct genital patterns
- What is genital lichen planus
- Who gets it, and why
- Classic and erosive lichen planus
- Erosive disease: mouth and vaginal involvement
- Hypertrophic disease and lichen planopilaris
- Lichen planus under the microscope
- Ruling out lichen planus look-alikes
- Treating classic lichen planus
- Management of anogenital lichen planus
- Management of anogenital lichen planus (continued)
- Management of anogenital lichen planus (continued)
- Treating erosive lichen planus
- Long-term outlook for lichen planus
- Lichen planus papules on the penis
Zoon Balanitis and Vulvitis
A benign plasma-cell inflammation cured by circumcision in men
- What is Zoon balanitis/vulvitis
- What causes it and how it looks
- Diagnosis and treatment
- Zoon balanitis histopathology
Dermatitis and Psoriasis
The most common inflammatory skin diseases seen in this region
- Anogenital dermatitis: an overview
- What triggers it
- How dermatitis looks and feels
- Diagnostic approach to vulvar pruritus
- Diagnostic approach to anogenital pruritus
- Ruling out other causes and treating dermatitis
- Contact dermatitis: irritant vs allergic
- Lichen simplex chronicus of the scrotum
- Psoriasis in the anogenital region
- Psoriasis look-alikes and treatment
- Psoriasis of the glans penis and a finger
Red Scrotum and Red Vulva Syndrome
Persistent unexplained burning redness, often from steroid rebound
- Red scrotum and red vulva syndrome
Premalignant and Malignant Lesions
From HPV-driven intraepithelial neoplasia to invasive cancer and melanoma
- What is squamous intraepithelial neoplasia
- Two different pathways to cancer
- How intraepithelial neoplasia looks
- Bowenoid papulosis
- Diagnosis and treatment
- Follow-up and prevention
- 2015 ISSVD terminology of vulvar squamous intraepithelial lesions
- A rare keratotic variant
- Invasive squamous cell carcinoma: who and why
- How it presents, and what it isn't
- Treating invasive SCC
- Anogenital melanoma: a rare but serious tumor
- Genetics and clinical picture
- Why the outlook is worse than skin melanoma
- Diagnosis and treatment
- Basal cell carcinoma and genital lymphoma
- Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma of the penis
- What is extramammary Paget disease
- Who gets it, and the three subtypes
- How extramammary Paget disease looks
- Extramammary Paget disease of the labia majora and mons pubis
- Working up pagetoid cells in the epidermis
- Ruling out other diagnoses
- Looking for an underlying cancer
- Treating extramammary Paget disease
Dysesthetic Genital Pain Syndromes
Chronic genital pain with a normal-looking exam
- Chronic pain with a normal-looking exam
- ISSVD terminology and classification of persistent vulvar pain (2015)
- Diagnostic approach to vulvar burning and pain
- General principles of management
- Localized vulvodynia (vestibulodynia)
- Diagnosing and treating localized vulvodynia
- Generalized vulvodynia and scrotodynia
- Diagnosing and treating generalized pain
- Anal pain
Benign Lesions of the Genitalia
Common, harmless findings not to be mistaken for disease
- Benign lesions of the genitalia - common
- Benign lesions of the genitalia - less common
- Epidermoid cysts
- Vestibular papillomatosis
- Vulvar syringomas
The Anogenital Region and Systemic Disease
Sometimes a whole-body disease shows up here first
- Behcet disease: a key example
- Systemic diseases that may present in the anogenital region
Infections of the Anogenital Region
Beyond sexually transmitted infections: bacterial, fungal, and other causes
- Perianal streptococcal disease
- Toxin-mediated erythema and Kawasaki disease
- Fournier gangrene
- Erythrasma and tinea (fungal infection)
- Genital candidiasis: background
- How genital candidiasis presents
- Confirming and treating candidiasis
- Recurrent candidiasis
- Schistosomiasis
Erosive Genital Disease
A wide range of conditions that erode or ulcerate genital skin
- Working up genital erosions and ulcers
- Causes of genital erosions and ulcerations
- Causes of genital erosions and ulcerations (continued)
- Reactive non-sexually related acute genital ulcers
- Acquired autoimmune bullous diseases
- Clinical characteristics of autoimmune bullous diseases in the anogenital region
- Mucous membrane pemphigoid
- Erythema multiforme and Stevens-Johnson syndrome
- Fixed drug eruption
- Hailey-Hailey disease
Summary
Key takeaways for anogenital skin disease
- Key takeaways
- 6-10x
References
- References
- References
- References
- References
- References
- References
- References
- Dermatology, 5th Edition (2-Volume Set)